Until photography arrived only the very rich could afford portraits of their relatives and loved ones for the painter was slow and expensive. Now even a child of ten can produce a portrait that could become a family treasure. The essential for really close contact between viewer and portrait is that the subject's eyes should be looking directly out of the picture: we can make sure of this by asking the subject to look straight into our lens. Since a portrait is there to be scrutinized endlessly we should discourage female sitters from wearing make-up that is too outrageous. The lighting for portraiture should be very simple. Particularly satisfying for the close-up portrait natural light coming through a window. The background for close-up portraits should be perfectly plain: nothing detract from the facial expression and the eyes.
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